South SFV Today

Around 1.5 billion people worldwide are affected by hearing loss, representing nearly 20% of the global population. The condition can be challenging to manage, with various causes and treatment options available.

Dr. Konstantina Stankovic, a professor of otolaryngology, provides insights into the causes and types of hearing loss. She explains that genetic factors, loud noise, aging, infections, head trauma, and certain medications can lead to hearing loss. Medical conditions like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune diseases also increase the risk.

Hearing loss is categorized into conductive and sensorineural types. Conductive hearing loss involves issues with sound conduction through the ear canal or middle ear. Sensorineural hearing loss originates in the inner ear or the auditory nerve connecting to the brain. Mixed hearing loss combines both types.

Treatment varies based on the cause. Conductive hearing loss may be treated by repairing eardrum holes or replacing middle ear bones with prostheses. Sensorineural hearing loss treatments include hearing aids and cochlear implants. Managing chronic conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure is crucial for slowing progression.

While some forms of conductive hearing loss are reversible through interventions like earwax removal or surgery for infections, sensorineural hearing loss is often irreversible but can sometimes be reversed if caused by specific medications.

Dr. Stankovic advises seeking immediate medical attention for sudden hearing loss as timely steroid treatment can be effective within two weeks of onset.

She differentiates between hearing aids and cochlear implants: "Hearing aids amplify sound without surgery," while "cochlear implants require surgery" to stimulate the auditory nerve directly.

Air travel can worsen existing ear problems due to pressure changes during flights. People with genetic conditions affecting their ears might experience altered hearing from such pressure changes.

Research into stem cell therapy shows promise but requires further clinical trials before it becomes viable for humans.

Tinnitus, a common issue associated with hearing loss, involves phantom sounds generated by the brain in response to acoustic trauma or other causes. Treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy and stress management techniques.

Children with chronic ear infections are at higher risk for developing hearing issues; early intervention is essential for preventing complications.

The Stanford Initiative to Cure Hearing Loss comprises over 100 researchers focusing on genetics, structural biology, stem cells biology, regeneration among other fields to advance understanding and treatment options for this condition.

Finally, prolonged exposure to loud noises can damage inner ears leading to tinnitus—a warning sign of potential permanent damage—and should be avoided by using protective gear in noisy environments.

This article was initially published by Stanford School of Medicine.